Molecular detection of maturation stages in the developing kidney

Recent advances in stem cell biology have enabled the generation of kidney organoids vitro, and further maturation these is observed after experimental transplantation. However, current remain immature their precise stages are difficult to determine because limited information on developmental stage-dependent gene expressions vivo. To establish relevant molecular coordinates, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) developing kidneys at different mouse. By selecting genes that exhibited upregulation birth compared with embryonic day 15.5 as well lineage-specific expression, generated lists correlated individual lineages. Application transplanted revealed most types, other than collecting ducts, similar neonatal stage vivo, revealing non-synchronous across Thus, our scRNA-seq data can serve useful coordinates assess eventually organoids.